All The Bible Verses On Fasting

A number of years ago our church studied the Christian spiritual discipline of fasting. Over the course of 12 weeks we learned about the value of fasting and its many purposes. We practiced fasting, and even fasted together at times. 

As a result, we all grew closer to God through prayer and fasting. We enjoyed Christ and our salvation more deeply. And we developed a new pattern of Biblical spirituality that many of us previously lacked.

In one of the first lessons we took a look at the Biblical basis of fasting. In doing so, we examined all the passages in the Bible about fasting. Below is the list I compiled.

Biblical Terms

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew terms are tsûm/tsôm, or ‘innâh nephesh, meaning “to fast; a fast/fasting,” or “humble one’s soul.”

In the New Testament, the Greek terms are nesteuo (v.) and nesteia (n.), meaning “to fast” and “a fast/fasting.” Also nestis and asitos are used.

Searching for terms will find most of the references, but it will not reveal all of them. There are other ways of referring to fasting than just using the term itself, such as using a descriptive phrase like "not eating or drinking."

Selected Scripture Passages: An Overview

“Then the LORD said to Moses, ‘Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.’  So he was there with the LORD forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread or drink water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.” (Exodus 34:27-28; see Deuteronomy 9:9, 18)

“‘And this shall be a permanent statute for you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall humble your souls, and not do any work, whether the native, or the alien who sojourns among you; for it is on this day that atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you; you shall be clean from all your sins before the LORD.   It is to be a sabbath of solemn rest for you, that you may humble your souls; it is a permanent statute.” (Leviticus 16:29-31; see Leviticus 23:14, 26-32; 29:7)

“Then I proclaimed a fast there at the river of Ahava, that we might humble ourselves before our God to seek from Him a safe journey for us, our little ones, and all our possessions.  For I was ashamed to request from the king troops and horsemen to protect us from the enemy on the way, because we had said to the king, ‘The hand of our God is favorably disposed to all those who seek Him, but His power and His anger are against all those who forsake Him.’  So we fasted and sought our God concerning this matter, and He listened to our entreaty.” (Ezra 8:21-23)

“‘Cry loudly, do not hold back; Raise your voice like a trumpet, And declare to My people their transgression, And to the house of Jacob their sins.  Yet they seek Me day by day, and delight to know My ways, As a nation that has done righteousness, And has not forsaken the ordinance of their God. They ask Me for just decisions, They delight in the nearness of God.  “Why have we fasted and Thou dost not see? Why have we humbled ourselves and Thou dost not notice?”  ‘Behold, on the day of your fast you find your desire, And drive hard all your workers.  Behold, you fast for contention and strife and to strike with a wicked fist. You do not fast like you do today to make your voice heard on high.  Is it a fast like this which I choose, a day for a man to humble himself? Is it for bowing one's head like a reed, And for spreading out sackcloth and ashes as a bed? Will you call this a fast, even an acceptable day to the LORD?  Is this not the fast which I choose, To loosen the bonds of wickedness, To undo the bands of the yoke, And to let the oppressed go free, And break every yoke?  Is it not to divide your bread with the hungry, And bring the homeless poor into the house; When you see the naked, to cover him; And not to hide yourself from your own flesh?  Then your light will break out like the dawn, And your recovery will speedily spring forth; And your righteousness will go before you; The glory of the LORD will be your rear guard.  Then you will call, and the LORD will answer; You will cry, and He will say, “Here I am.”  If you remove the yoke from your midst, The pointing of the finger, and speaking wickedness,  And if you give yourself to the hungry, And satisfy the desire of the afflicted, Then your light will rise in darkness, And your gloom will become like midday.  And the LORD will continually guide you, And satisfy your desire in scorched places, And give strength to your bones; And you will be like a watered garden, And like a spring of water whose waters do not fail.  And those from among you will rebuild the ancient ruins; You will raise up the age-old foundations; And you will be called the repairer of the breach, The restorer of the streets in which to dwell.’” (Isaiah 58:1-12)

“So I gave my attention to the Lord God to seek Him by prayer and supplications, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.” (Daniel 9:3)

“‘Yet even now,’ declares the LORD, ‘Return to Me with all your heart, And with fasting, weeping, and mourning; And rend your heart and not your garments.’  Now return to the LORD your God, For He is gracious and compassionate, Slow to anger, abounding in lovingkindness, And relenting of evil.  Who knows whether He will not turn and relent, And leave a blessing behind Him, Even a grain offering and a libation For the LORD your God?  Blow a trumpet in Zion, Consecrate a fast, proclaim a solemn assembly,  Gather the people, sanctify the congregation, Assemble the elders, Gather the children and the nursing infants. Let the bridegroom come out of his room And the bride out of her bridal chamber.  Let the priests, the LORD'S ministers, Weep between the porch and the altar, And let them say, ‘Spare Thy people, O LORD, And do not make Thine inheritance a reproach, A byword among the nations. Why should they among the peoples say, “Where is their God?”’” (Joel 2:12-17)

“Then the people of Nineveh believed in God; and they called a fast and put on sackcloth from the greatest to the least of them.  When the word reached the king of Nineveh, he arose from his throne, laid aside his robe from him, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat on the ashes.  And he issued a proclamation and it said, ‘In Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles: Do not let man, beast, herd, or flock taste a thing. Do not let them eat or drink water.  But both man and beast must be covered with sackcloth; and let men call on God earnestly that each may turn from his wicked way and from the violence which is in his hands.  Who knows, God may turn and relent, and withdraw His burning anger so that we shall not perish?’” (Jonah 3:5-9)

“Then Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil.  And after He had fasted forty days and forty nights, He then became hungry.” (Matthew 4:1-2; parallel Luke 4:1-2)

“‘And whenever you fast, do not put on a gloomy face as the hypocrites do, for they neglect their appearance in order to be seen fasting by men. Truly I say to you, they have their reward in full.  But you, when you fast, anoint your head, and wash your face so that you may not be seen fasting by men, but by your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will repay you.” (Matthew 6:16-18)

“Then the disciples of John came to Him, saying, ‘Why do we and the Pharisees fast, but Your disciples do not fast?’  And Jesus said to them, ‘The attendants of the bridegroom cannot mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them, can they? But the days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast.  But no one puts a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment; for the patch pulls away from the garment, and a worse tear results.  Nor do men put new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the wineskins burst, and the wine pours out, and the wineskins are ruined; but they put new wine into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved.’” (Matthew 9:14-17; parallel Mark 2:18-22 and Luke 5:33-39)

“And while they were ministering to the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, ‘Set apart for Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.’  Then, when they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them away.” (Acts 13:2-3)

“And when they had appointed elders for them in every church, having prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed.” (Acts 14:23)

The Rest of the Scripture Passages on Fasting

Genesis 24:33
Numbers 6:3-4; 29:7
Judges 20:26
1 Samuel 1:7-8; 7:5-6; 14:24-30; 20:34; 30:11-12; 31:11-13
2 Samuel 1:11-12; 3:35; 11:11; 12:15-23
1 Kings 13:8-25; 17:6, 14-16; 19:8; 21:4-16, 27
1 Chronicles 10:11-12
2 Chronicles 20:3
Ezra 9:5; 10:6
Nehemiah 1:4; 9:1-4
Esther 4:3, 15-17; 9:29-32
Job 33:19-20
Psalm 35:13; 42:3; 69:10-11; 102:4; 107:17-18; 109:21-25
Jeremiah 14:10-12; 36:6-7, 9-10
Daniel 1:12-16; 6:16-18; 10:1-3
Joel 1:14
Zechariah 7:3-5; 8:18-19
Matthew 11:18; 15:32; 17:21?
Mark 8:2-3; 9:29?
Luke 2:37; 7:33; 18:12
John 4:31-34
Acts 9:9, 19; 10:30?; 23:12-21; 27:9, 21, 33-36
Romans 14:21
1 Corinthians 7:5?; 8:13
2 Corinthians 6:5; 11:27
1 Timothy 4:3